Although some studies suggest that horny goat weed may be used to treat erectile dysfunction, more research is needed to understand the potential benefits and side effects.
Horny goat weed is an over-the-counter herbal supplement. The active ingredient is icariin, an extract of the Epimedium plant that’s reported to benefit people with erectile dysfunction (ED).
It’s also known as:
- yin yang huo
- barrenwort
- rowdy lamb herb
- randy beef grass
It’s sold in many different forms, including:
- tablets
- capsules
- powders
- teas
Erections usually occur after nitric oxide signals a chemical called cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to relax the smooth muscle of the penis. This triggers an influx of blood into three tube-like cylinders in the penis.
With ED, an enzyme named protein phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) interferes with nitric oxide and cGMP. As a result, the blood can’t move through the arteries and create an erection.
Icariin, the active ingredient in horny goat weed, inhibits the activity of PDE5. This allows blood to fill the arteries and the three cylinders in the penis to create an erection.
The prescription medication sildenafil (Viagra) works in much the same way.
Research on the effects of
A 2008 test-tube study found that icariin effectively inhibits human PDE5, the substance that blocks erections. However, it also determined that sildenafil is 80 times more potent than icariin.
A 2010 animal study looked at the effects of horny goat weed on rats. Researchers found that rats treated with a purified extract showed improved erectile function.
A 2021 review of PDE5 inhibitors found that icariin is the most effective plant-based option for ED.
There isn’t a universal dosage or recommended serving size for horny goat weed. It ultimately varies depending on the individual product and manufacturer, so pay close attention to the directions on the label.
If you’re unsure about what dosage is right for you, consider seeking advice from a healthcare professional before use. They can make personalized recommendations based on your individual medical history.
Remember that results can vary from person to person. If you experience any side effects, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
According to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, side effects include:
- sweating or flushing
- rapid heartbeat
- increased energy
- mood changes
You may be more likely to develop complications with horny goat weed if you have certain conditions or take certain medications. Do not use horny goat weed if you:
- have heart disease
- have high blood pressure
- have a history of hormone-sensitive cancer
- take medications that cause irregular heartbeat or thin your blood
- are allergic or sensitive to plants in the Berberidaceae family
It may be best to consult a healthcare professional if you’ve had difficulty developing or maintaining an erection several times over the course of a few weeks.
ED is common, especially with age. A healthcare professional can make or confirm an ED diagnosis, work with you to determine the underlying cause, and go over your options for treatment.
However, if you aren’t ready to discuss your concerns just yet, you can explore over-the-counter herbal supplements, like horny goat weed, as long as you stay within the manufacturer’s recommended dosage.
Discontinue use if you develop any unusual side effects, such as slower blood clotting or lowered blood pressure. This may indicate a negative interaction with other supplements or medications.
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No, there is no evidence that horny goat weed can increase penis size. In fact, there is little proof of any supplement that can increase penis size, and only minimal or temporary benefits can be seen from techniques like penis stretching.
Horny goat weed contains a chemical compound called icariin that can help promote blood flow. Icariin may treat ED by counteracting the PDE5 enzyme that interferes with blood flow to the penis.
Standard treatments include medications, vacuum pumps, and surgery in some cases. If you’re looking for natural alternatives for treating ED, some to consider include:
- red ginseng
- DHEA
- L-arginine
- acupuncture
The verdict is mixed on the effectiveness of horny goat weed. It appears to have some beneficial properties, but more research is needed to learn if it’s effective and safe for long-term use.
If you’re experiencing ED, consider talking with a healthcare professional about common treatment options.