Regular self-exams can help you spot changes that may indicate an underlying condition, like unusual discharge, warts, or sores.
Self-exams are a supplement — not a replacement — for an annual gynecological checkup. A gynecologist can screen for sexually transmitted conditions and perform a Pap smear to look for signs of cervical cancer.
Everyone’s vagina will look slightly different in terms of color, shape, and size. That’s why “healthy” may look slightly different for everyone. Before doing a self-exam, you’ll want to familiarize yourself with the general anatomy.
Outer labia
The outer folds of the vulva are sometimes known as the “labia majora.” Their purpose is to protect and enclose the external genital organs. They may be covered in pubic hair, which usually grows in during puberty.
Inner labia
The inner folds of the vulva are sometimes known as the “labia minora.” They may be small in size or up to 2 inches wide. They’re usually pink or purple in color because of the rich supply of blood vessels in this area.
Vaginal opening
The opening of the vagina is located between the urethra and the anus. This is where blood exits during menstruation and where a baby is delivered during birth. It’s also where the penis enters during intercourse.
You may see the hymen, a thin membrane that stretches easily, surrounding the opening of the vagina.
Glans clitoris
When people talk about the clitoris, they’re usually referring to the small protrusion, or nub, that’s located at the top of the inner labia. The internal structure of the clitoris is much larger.
The glans is extremely sensitive to the touch and the source of sexual stimulation for many people.
Vaginal discharge, genital odor, and overall sensation naturally fluctuate throughout your menstrual cycle. Developing an awareness of what’s typical for your body can help you identify irregularities sooner rather than later.
This includes:
- bumps or growths
- burning or itching
- changes in discharge color, consistency, or volume
- dryness in or around the vaginal opening
- foul, fishy, or otherwise strong odor
- sores or spots
- swelling
A healthcare professional can help you determine any underlying cause. Persistent or severe symptoms may result from common infections, such as:
Unusual or unexpected growths or sores may result from:
You might find it helpful to gather:
- cushion or pillow
- flashlight
- gloves
- handheld mirror
Follow these steps when you’re ready to begin the self-exam:
- Wash your hands or put on gloves. Remove your clothing below the waist.
- Prop a pillow up in front of a wall. Sit up with your back against the pillow, bend your knees, and place your feet near your buttocks.
- Spread your knees apart to start. Try to keep your pelvic muscles relaxed. Hold the mirror out in front of your pelvic area. You may need to use the flashlight to see better.
- If this is your first time performing the exam, you may want to refer back to a diagram of the vulva. You can start to identify different areas and what they look like when you’re in different positions or sexually aroused. Examine the vulva for small cuts, sores, or lumps.
- Next, gently spread the lips with one hand and hold the flashlight or mirror with the other. If it’s easier, you can also prop the mirror up and shine light on it.
- Gently insert one finger into your vaginal opening. The inside may feel similar to the roof of your mouth. Notice whether you feel any sores or growths along the vaginal wall.
- Gently remove your finger and look for discharge or other secretions.
- When you’re done, get dressed and wash your hands.
Remember, the appearance of your vulva can change slightly throughout the month. If you notice any changes that you’re concerned about, consider contacting a healthcare professional
You can perform a self-exam as often as you’d like, ideally once a month or more.
If you want to be consistent, you can set a date on the calendar based on your menstrual cycle. For example, you might choose a day in the week following your expected period.
If something feels off, don’t hesitate to contact a healthcare professional. You may be able to receive free, lower cost, or sliding-scale care at your local health department or Planned Parenthood.