Multiple sclerosis can affect your quality of life in many ways. Top reasons may center on different aspects of your physical, mental, and social health.

Quality of life may be different for everyone with multiple sclerosis, and what affects your quality of life may not be the same as what affects anyone else with the disease.

While there are many things beyond just the disease progression and treatments that can affect quality of life, 3 common categories for those with MS often include physical health, mental health, and social factors.

About MS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological condition. It occurs when brain and spinal cord lesions develop and disrupt signaling between nerve cells. This can affect both physical and mental health and lead to symptoms involving mobility and sensory issues, visual disturbances, and pain.

Explore more on how MS can affect your quality of life in different ways.

A 2022 study shared how quality of life differs among people living with MS and how it changes through the years.

This study involved the results from more than 57,000 questionnaires completed by 4,888 people living with MS. Researchers began collecting these questionnaires in 1996, with responses spanning as long as 27 years since the participants’ MS diagnoses.

Researchers aimed to identify factors affecting the quality of life of people living with MS.

To identify the factors, researchers took several steps:

  • the impact of MS on participants’ physical health
  • how their mental health (the perception of their health and well-being) played a role
  • researchers worked on determining which factors were more common in people who had lower physical health-related quality of life scores compared with others

Researchers found that overall, a reduced physical health-related quality of life with MS occurred more often in people assigned male at birth and in people with:

  • worse physical impairment and fatigue
  • longer diagnostic delays
  • additional physical conditions
  • more recent diagnoses
  • diagnoses during older adulthood

In the 2022 study, most of the people experienced moderately to persistently low physical health-related quality of life throughout the course of the disease.

About 1 in 3 people seemed to experience a decline in physical health-related quality of life during the first 8 or 10 years of diagnosis that returned to a more typical level in the following years.

In about 1 in 7 people, physical health-related quality of life remained as usual for the majority of their disease, with a decline not starting until the third decade after diagnosis.

The researchers also worked on understanding which factors were more common in people who had lower mental health-related quality of life scores compared with other people.

They found that those who consistently had the lowest mental health-related quality of life were more likely to have an annual income less than or equal to $50,000 and lack a higher education.

Both of these factors appeared to negatively affect physical health-related quality of life, as well.

People who experience this mental health affect in quality of life may include:

A reduced mental health-related quality of life with MS seemed to occur more often in nonwhite people, potentially due to socioeconomic or health inequities, and people with a:

  • diagnosed at a younger age
  • have worse physical impairment
  • live with another mental health condition
  • more recent diagnosis

In the study, more than half of the people surveyed reported moderately to persistently low mental health-related quality of life.

More than 1 in 5 people experienced an early decline in mental health-related quality of life that returned to a usual level within 10 years of diagnosis.

Meanwhile, more than 1 in 4 people reported persistently unaffected mental health-related quality of life.

These study findings showed that age, race, income, and education can be predictors for quality of life.

This suggests that when considering social and socioeconomic factors, MS can affect each person’s quality of life differently. This may be particularly true when it comes to mental health.

The way population characteristics impact the quality of life with MS hasn’t been well-studied. However, other research shows that education and income may affect quality of life with MS.

Understanding how social and socioeconomic factors impact people’s experiences with MS is important. It may contribute to differences in the symptoms and progression of MS in many racial, ethnic, and age groups.

Other social factors that may negatively affect quality of life for some people with MS include:

  • job and income loss
  • lack of caregiver and social support
  • family tension
  • lack of education about MS

Some of these factors that affect quality of life are out of your hands. However, there are still steps you can take to help improve quality of life with MS.

The National Multiple Sclerosis Society recommends many tips for living well with MS, including:

  • following healthy lifestyle habits, such as eating a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, and getting regular physical activity
  • developing healthy coping mechanisms and stress management techniques
  • focusing on your emotional and spiritual well-being
  • keeping your mind active through reading, writing, puzzles, and other mental activities
  • maintaining your current friendships and building new ones, such as through an MS support group

Sticking to your MS treatment plan is another way to help improve quality of life. The goal of MS treatment is to reduce disability and prevent disease progression. Since physical disability can be a strong predictor of reduced quality of life, sticking to your treatment plan may help improve or maintain your quality of life.

If your current treatment plan is ineffective for you, talk with your neurologist about other options. Several treatment-related factors can also affect quality of life with MS, including:

  • treatment effects on disease symptoms
  • side effects
  • the way of administering treatment

Finding help and support for life with MS

You are not alone in living with MS.

Explore Healthline’s MS resource center for help, support, and different ideas that may be helpful for you in managing MS.

The physical and mental health effects of living with MS can be challenging and can negatively impact your quality of life in several ways. These include MS symptoms and disability, as well as social factors and treatment considerations.

While it’s difficult to change some of these factors, there are steps you can take to help improve your physical and mental health and overall quality of life. Work with your neurologist to identify steps to help you best manage MS and improve your quality of life.