Common symptoms include jaw pain, swelling, and dental discomfort. The swelling may last as long as purging continues, but it can subside with recovery. Dental symptoms may require professional treatment.

Over time, these physical changes can become more pronounced, painful, or uncomfortable. Getting treatment for bulimia, as well as a number of treatments and self-care methods, can help you feel better.

People with bulimia may experience several facial and jaw-related symptoms, especially if they engage in purging behaviors (self-induced vomiting).

A 2019 systematic review, which looked at six studies, found that jaw and facial discomfort are common among people with bulimia-related purging behaviors.

Other symptoms include:

  • Swollen cheeks and jawline: Often referred to as “bulimia face” or “chipmunk cheeks.” This swelling results from enlarged salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands.
  • Jaw pain or discomfort: Overuse of jaw muscles during purging can lead to soreness or pain. In some cases, bulimia can lead to chronic facial pain.
  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders: Repeated stress on the jaw can result in TMJ disorders, causing pain, jaw tightness, and difficulty chewing.
  • Dental erosion: Stomach acid from vomiting can erode tooth enamel, leading to sensitivity, pain, and tooth decay.
  • Gum disease: Periodontitis, which is an inflammatory gum infection, can be common among people with bulimia.
  • Dry mouth: Reduced saliva production can cause persistent dry mouth. Research suggests this might be caused by antidepressant use rather than purging itself.

The swelling may last as long as purging continues, but it can subside with recovery. Dental symptoms may require professional treatment.

While professional treatment is essential, certain home remedies may provide temporary relief for certain symptoms, like TMJ and toothache.

Consider the following:

  • Warm compresses: Applying a warm cloth to swollen areas can alleviate discomfort.
  • Gentle jaw exercises: Stretching and relaxing jaw muscles may reduce TMJ tension.
  • Massage: Massaging your jawline might help reduce pain.
  • Hydration: Drinking water can help maintain saliva production and oral health.
  • Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers: Some OTC medications could soothe jaw pain.
  • Avoiding hard or chewy foods: Soft foods can minimize strain on the jaw.

It’s important to note that these measures are supportive and not substitutes for professional care.

If you have an ongoing eating disorder, it’s important to seek mental health support — both to help you feel better emotionally and to reduce the risk of bulimia-related physical issues.

Seek medical attention if you experience:

  • Persistent swelling: Swelling that doesn’t subside may indicate ongoing gland issues.
  • Severe jaw pain: Intense or chronic pain could signal TMJ disorders or other complications.
  • Dental problems: Tooth sensitivity, decay, or gum issues require dental evaluation.

Treatment may involve:

  • Medical therapy: Medications can reduce inflammation or stimulate saliva production.
  • Dental care: Dental procedures can address enamel erosion and cavities.
  • Physical therapy: Exercises and techniques can help manage TMJ disorders.

You can start by making an appointment with a GP or dentist. They can then help you identify the cause of your symptoms and develop a potential treatment plan.

In addition to these treatments, addressing the underlying bulimia is crucial for long-term improvement. Typically, bulimia treatment includes therapy, nutritional counseling, and — if necessary — medication. The earlier the treatment, the better.

Many facial and jaw symptoms can improve or resolve once you stop engaging in purging behaviors. However, some effects, like dental erosion, may be permanent and require ongoing care.

Early treatment increases your chance of a full recovery without long-term complications.

Navigating the long-term effects of bulimia can be difficult. If you think you have bulimia-related jaw symptoms, you’ll likely need medical support for both your emotional and physical health.

Your first steps can include speaking with a therapist and/or a healthcare professional, like a dentist or a GP.

You might also benefit from seeking support from organizations like:

Remember, bulimia is treatable, as are the health effects associated with bulimia. With the right support and treatment, you can start to feel better.